Stress tolerance also decides the survival of plants in stressful environments, and hence it is important for food security as well as for ecosystem resilience. In this session, physiological, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms of stress tolerance to drought, salinity, heat, and cold stress will be discussed. Stress perception, signaling cascades, and protective responses like osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant activity, and heat shock proteins will be addressed by experts. Case studies will also point toward stress-resilient crops and breeding approaches. Progress in genetic engineering, transcriptomics, and CRISPR tools for stress tolerance will be discussed. Climate change effects on stress resistance will also be addressed during the session. The participants will have an integrated understanding of how plants adapt to stressful conditions and how this can be used to design resilient agricultural systems.