Water is necessary for plants, and knowledge of plant water relations is central to enhancing agricultural sustainability. This session will discuss mechanisms for water uptake by roots, transport via xylem, and stomatal regulation of transpiration. Experts will address the significance of water potential, osmotic regulation, and hydraulic conductivity in ensuring plant hydration. We will point out plant adaptations to waterlogging and drought, encompassing morphological, physiological, and molecular changes. Innovative irrigation methods and breeding techniques for water-use efficiency will be exhibited through case studies. The session will also focus on the effect of climate change on water availability and plant-water relations. Improved tools for quantifying water status, such as sap flow sensors and thermal imaging, will be demonstrated. Participants will learn how water relationships affect photosynthesis, nutrient transport, and yield, and will acquire knowledge transferable to the management of crops in water-restricted environments.