The search for renewable energy has put plants in the forefront of biofuel research. This session will look at the potentials of bioenergy crops like switchgrass, miscanthus, and sugarcane in sustainable energy production. Lignocellulosic biomass conversion to bioethanol and biodiesel will be addressed by experts with a focus on challenges in the breakdown of cellulose and lignin. Genetic engineering progress towards increased biomass yield, lowered recalcitrance, and more efficient processing will be showcased. Case studies of integrated biorefineries and exemplary large-scale implementations will be explored. We also discuss the use of algae and microalgae as feedstocks for biofuels. Economic, environmental, and policy issues related to plant-based biofuels will be discussed. The session will highlight how biotechnology can wean nations from fossil fuels and aid in climate change mitigation. Participants will learn about technology developments and practical approaches towards a sustainable bioenergy future driven by plants.