Fruit physiology involves the processes that control fruit development, growth, ripening, and post-harvest. This session will discuss hormonal regulation of fruit development, focusing on ethylene, auxins, and gibberellins. Molecular pathways governing texture, color, flavor, and aroma during ripening will be discussed by experts. Fruit biology in climacteric and non-climacteric species will be presented through case studies, emphasizing differences in regulation. Post-harvest physiology, storage, shelf life, and spoilage reduction will also be discussed. Genetic engineering advances toward higher quality fruit and longer storage will be showcased. Participants will see how fruit physiology links plant reproduction to agriculture and human health, connecting basic science with practice in horticulture and food industry applications.