Plant–microbe interactions are important to determine soil health and agricultural productivity. This session will emphasize mutualistic symbioses, including nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi, that enhance nutrient uptake and plant growth. Participants will gain information regarding microbial communities in the rhizosphere and how these affect plant physiology. The session emphasizes beneficial microbes to promote growth, inhibit diseases, and improve stress tolerance. Experts will offer case studies of microbiome engineering and biofertilizer use. Participants will learn about the ecological relevance of microbial diversity to soil fertility and resilience. Plant immunity and signaling, and how they influence microbial interactions, will also be covered. Case studies will illustrate how plant–soil–microbe networks deliver sustainable agriculture. Participants will learn about next-generation sequencing and omics tools for microbial ecology research. This session integrates plant biology, microbiology, and soil science and provides eco-friendly solutions to enhance crop health and soil biology.