Photosynthetic pigments help plants absorb light energy and store it as chemical energy, which fuels life on this planet. During this session, the structure, function, and diversity of pigments like chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins will be discussed, highlighting their functions in photosystems I and II. Scientists will provide information on light-harvesting complexes, energy transfer mechanisms, and photoprotection mechanisms that protect plants from excess light and oxidative stress. Case studies will emphasize pigment adaptations in shade-adapted species, desert plants, and aquatic habitats. Biotechnological approaches to increasing photosynthetic efficiency through engineering of pigment composition will be discussed. Recent developments in spectroscopy and imaging methods to elucidate pigment dynamics will be showcased. Participants will be introduced to how pigments not only maintain photosynthesis but also play vital roles in human nutrition and industry as antioxidants, colorants, and nutraceuticals. This session will bridge basic plant physiology with practical applications across food and energy industries.