Plant cell biology forms the basis of the understanding of all developmental and physiological processes in plants. This session will bring out the structure and function of some critical organelles like chloroplasts, vacuoles, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Cytoskeletal organization and how it controls intracellular transport, cell division, and morphogenesis will be discussed by experts. The plasma membrane and cell wall's role in holding integrity together and mediating external interactions will be stressed. We will discuss molecular communication between the nucleus and other organelles, including attention to signaling pathways that control growth and stress responses. Developments in microscopy and imaging technologies will be discussed, providing insights into dynamic processes like endocytosis, vesicle transport, and cell wall modification. Case studies will feature cellular responses to environmental stimuli, pathogen infection, and hormone signaling. The session will further focus on biotechnological uses of cell biology in crop enhancement and synthetic biology. The participants will develop a greater appreciation for how cellular structure determines plant form and function, and they will depart with an integrated vision of plant cell dynamics in natural as well as applied situations.