Soil-root interface is a dynamic zone where plants and microbes interact in critical ways. This session will cover rhizosphere biology, with special reference to how root exudates influence microbial communities that further regulate nutrient availability, plant growth, and disease resistance. Specialists will cover the variety of beneficial microbes such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing microbes, and mycorrhizal fungi. Case studies will showcase successful uses of biofertilizers and microbial inoculants in sustainable agriculture. We will discuss metagenomic and metatranscriptomic technologies that unveil the intricacy of soil microbiomes. Topics will cover ecological determinants of microbial diversity, soil management practices, and effects of climate change on plant-soil interactions. Participants will have an appreciation of the role soil health plays in sustaining plant productivity and how unlocking soil-microbe associations can lead to robust and sustainable farming systems.