The roots are the supportive systems of a plant through structural support, access to nutrients, and water. This session outlines the development of roots, branching, and architectural diagrams with a focus on changes roots undergo in soil conditions. The session by experts would focus on hormonal regulation, mainly auxins and cytokinins, in the formation of roots. Case studies include root adaptation to drought conditions, flooding, and nutrient-poor soil environments. The session will further address rhizosphere biology, where it will discuss how roots interact with soil microorganisms and affect nutrient cycling. The latest advances in root imaging, modeling, and phenotyping will be discussed to unveil belowground complexity. Learning will be gained on how the root system contributes to plant productivity and stress resilience and how breeding and biotechnology can improve root traits for sustainable production agriculture.