Photosynthetic stress and photoprotection are essential for the survival of plants in fluctuating and extreme light regimes. This session will discuss mechanisms of energy absorption and dissipation balancing in plants. Participants will be introduced to regulation of photosystem II, photoinhibition, and chlorophyll fluorescence as stress indicators. The session emphasizes the significance of reactive oxygen species in signaling and damage. Researchers will discuss studies on non-photochemical quenching and pathways of energy dissipation. Participants will learn about how photosynthesis is adjusted by plants to defend against photodamage. Molecular control of light harvesting complexes is also highlighted in the session. Breeding and biotechnological strategies for enhancing crop photoprotection are illustrated through case studies. Participants will learn about how photoprotection improves yield stability and stress tolerance. The session brings together plant physiology, molecular biology, and stress adaptation with examples to highlight the best strategies for photosynthesis optimization for resilience in a changing environment.