Pollen biology is the key to understanding plant fertilization and reproduction processes. The session will emphasize pollen development, structure, and viability in flowering plants. Participants will understand how pollen grains develop within anthers and build protective walls for survival upon dispersal. The session emphasizes pollen-pistil interactions, where pollen tube growth is directed towards the ovule. Researchers will present molecular signaling among male and female gametophytes to guarantee successful fertilization. The session will also touch on conditions influencing the viability of pollen, including temperature and humidity. Case studies will illustrate how pollen biology determines the fertility and yield of crops. Participants will receive exposure to methods for determining pollen viability and germination. The evolutionary relevance of pollen attributes to guarantee reproductive success will be discussed as well. Applications to biotechnology and breeding encompass the manipulation of pollen characteristics to produce hybrids. This presentation offers an overview of the pollen as a biological substance and an agricultural commodity.