Potassium is an essential macronutrient that controls many physiological processes in plants. During this session, the role of potassium in supporting enzyme activation, osmoregulation, and stomatal functioning will be discussed. Participants will understand how K+ uptake and transport affect crop yield and water-use efficiency. The session reveals the role of potassium in controlling photosynthesis, nutrient balance, and protein synthesis. Researchers will discuss case studies on potassium deficiency and its effect on plant growth. Participants will also be exposed to the molecular biology of K+ transporters. The use of potassium in stress tolerance, especially drought and salinity resistance, will be highlighted. Case studies will demonstrate how K fertilization increases productivity of different crops. Participants will acquire knowledge on sustainable management of fertilizers in order to minimize wastage and maximize efficiency. Soil fertility and bioavailability of potassium in different ecosystems are also covered in the session. By combining plant physiology, soil science, and applied agriculture, this session focuses on the role potassium plays in ensuring world food production.