Proteomics offers a glimpse of functional proteins that execute biological processes in plants. This session will discuss large-scale protein profiling employing methods like two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Specialists will outline identification of protein complexes, signaling proteins, and stress-responsive proteins that regulate important physiological processes. Case studies will demonstrate proteomic understanding of photosynthesis, defense pathways, and hormonal signaling. The workshop will also discuss post-translational modifications like phosphorylation and ubiquitination, which regulate protein activity. Genomics and transcriptomics integration will be highlighted to establish a systems-level understanding of plant biology. Attendees will understand how proteomics contributes to crop improvement through the identification of protein markers and functional targets and is thus the foundation of new-generation plant biotechnology.