Nitrogen fixation offers plants usable nitrogen and diminishes reliance on chemical fertilizers. This session will address biological nitrogen fixation, specifically symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes. Participants will learn how nitrogenase enzymes reduce atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia. The session emphasizes root nodule development and plant-microbe molecular communication. Scientists will illustrate case studies of nitrogen fixation efficacy in various crops. Participants will be informed about the ecological and agricultural significance of nitrogen-fixing plants. The presentation will also explore challenges in transferring fixation characteristics to non-legumes. Practical uses include applying nitrogen-fixing crops to increase soil fertility and sustainability. Participants will be informed about biotechnological attempts to engineer nitrogen fixation into cereals. The contribution of nitrogen fixation to world nutrient cycles will be covered. This session is a link between plant physiology, microbiology, and sustainable agriculture, providing food security solutions with less environment impact.